An analysis of Geroge Frederick Handel(1685-1759)'s Organ concerto No.13 Doctoral Essay by Eun Hee Kim
G. F. Handel was one of the greatest composers of Baroque age. His music has German seriousness, Italian taste, and French exuberance. Thus he has been called a cosmopolitan composer.
Handel first studied law, but he gave up his law study later. He studied composition and organ playing under Friedreich Wilhelm Zachau(1622-1712). Handel went to Italy(1706-1710) and studied with A. Scarlatti. In 1709, Handel was appointed music director at the court of Hanover, one of the most prestigious positions in Germany, but soon he gave up his position to visit England. He first imported Italian opera to England. Furthermore Handel composed many Italian operas for the London opera theaters. His close friendship with King George 1 of England made his life at London be prosper. Thus Handel became a naturalized citizen of England in 1728, he has been regarded as an English even though he was a German-born composer.
Handel's body was buried in Westminster Abbey to honor his contribution to England.
G. F. 헨델은 바로크 시대의 가장 위대한 작곡가 중 한 명이었습니다. 그의 음악에는 독일의 진지함, 이탈리아적 색채, 그리고 프랑스의 생동감이 담겨 있습니다. 그래서 그는 세계적인 작곡가로 불리게 되었습니다.
헨델은 처음에 법학을 공부했지만 나중에는 포기했어요. 그 후 그는 프리드리히 빌헬름 자카우에게 작곡과 오르간 연주를 배웠어요. 1706년부터 1710년까지 이탈리아에 가서 A. 스카를라티에게서 배웠습니다. 1709년에는 독일에서 가장 권위 있는 자리 중 하나인 하노버 궁정의 음악 감독으로 임명되었지만, 곧 그 자리를 포기하고 영국을 방문했어요. 그는 처음으로 이탈리아 오페라를 영국에 들여왔습니다. 또한 헨델은 런던 오페라 극장을 위해 많은 이탈리아 오페라를 작곡했습니다. 그가 영국의 조지 1세 왕과 맺은 친밀한 우정 덕분에 런던에서의 삶이 번영했습니다. 그래서 헨델은 1728년에 영국의 귀화 시민이 되었고, 독일 태생의 작곡가임에도 불구하고 영국인으로 간주되었습니다.
헨델의 유해는 영국에 대한 그의 공헌을 기리기 위해 웨스트민스터 사원에 안장되었습니다.
[Handel's significance In Baroque era]
Handel was the greatest choral composer of the Baroque. Handel was a contemporary composer with Bach, Rameau, Telemann, and Vivaldi. The works of Handel demonstrate his competence in traditional composition, his awareness of current trends, and his ability to reconcile the conflict between contrapuntal and homophonic styles. He achieved the ultimate with the established forms and styles of the late Baroque. Handel first wrote Italian opera in London. But when opera proved unprofitable financially, Handel invented the English Oratorio and, as an adjunct to it, the organ concerto.
Handel was the king of choral music. He composed 26 English oratorios, and the beloved "Messiah". He spent only three weeks on the most famous oratorio "Messiah." The English people had turned against Italian opera. He wrote the English oratorio for the theater without writing Italian opera. The English oratorio was Handel's innovation. The texts are always in English. He described his oratorios as "sacred drama." Handel's oratorios cannot be equated with the Italian oratorio or London operas, because he brought in elements from the English anthem, French classical drama, ancient Greek drama, and the German historica.
Handel's best known orchestra music are the overtures to his many operas and oratorios, and the two suites entitled Watermusic and Royal Fireworks. He wrote 20 solo sonatas and several trio sonatas. His ensemble music was strongly influenced by Corelli.
Handel's cosmopolitan style - an amalgamation of Italian, German, and English characteristics - formed the model for the new style.
Handel, more so than Bach, was a composer of his time, taking up whatever was new and in and as a result, his music has aged well.
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